Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example

Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Essay Topic: Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Jewell is responsible for what Mr.. Hyde does. Throughout the novel the two characters appear to be two separate individuals. Jewell is handsome and good in the eyes of society whereas Hyde is ugly and evil when viewed through society glasses. This occurs especially because they are so different in nature. As the reader we recognize that they are actually two different individuals living in the same body. Because Jewell and Hyde are embodied in the same individual we realize that they are both handsome and ugly, or, more importantly, both good and evil. Oppose that Robert Louis Stevenson goal was to create the novel here he would explore the several popular themes of that time and keep it suspenseful, which makes the reader engaged till the very last page. Author uses a variety of writers technicians to convey the vivid image of DRP. Jewell, generally good doctor who creates an alter ego of himself through a scientific experiment ugly Mr.. Hyde. In my opinion, DRP. Jellys responsibi lity for Mr.. Hades actions is a complex question and in order to answer it properly we need to examine several different factors. First we should look at the way Stevenson portray night London. He connects dark fogged gloomy atmosphere of the city with all the evil events surrounding Hyde. Author goes a great length to describe every little detail that the reader has no doubt that crime would be unpunished in the labyrinth of twisted wicked dark streets. One of the main characters, Deuteron, experiences nightmares: He would be aware of the great field of lamps of a nocturnal city. The flexure of Hyde . Undaunted the lawyer all night; and if at any time he dozed over, it was but to see it glide more stealthily through sleeping houses, or move the more swiftly through wider labyrinths of lamp-lighted city, and at every street corner crush a child and leave her screaming. In other words, growing city of London provides freedom to DRP. Jewell to carry out his experiment without drawing much attention because strangers who walk its fogged night streets disregard Hyde and therefore that environment provides ideal co ver and anonymity for Hades crimes. Another factor that needs to be examined is the fact that DRP. Jellys experiment of separating good and evil did not go as planned. It was on the moral side, and in my own person, that I learned to agonize the thorough and primitive duality of man; saw that, of the two natures that contended in the field Of my consciousness, even if I could rightly be said to be either, it was only because I was radically both; and from an early date I had learned to dwell with pleasure, as a beloved daydream, on the thought of the separation of these elements. This quotation is from Chapter 10, Henry Jellys Full Statement of the Case. This where DRP. Jewell talks about duality of the human nature and his intent to separate 0,10 elements: good and bad from his own personality. The result of an experiment is that Jewell separated his evil side into Mr.. Hyde and ideally was supposed to remain purely good, while in reality he remained a mix of good and evil. As the story unfolds Hyde begins to take over Jellys conscious, until Jewell as a personality disappears completely and only Hyde remains. In other words, perhaps DRP. Jellys dark side (Hyde) was far stronger than the rest of Henry -?when set free, this side dominates his behavior. That leads us to the third factor we need to look at DRP. Jellys behavior after his realization of he experiment. Jewell does not seem to feel any guilt to stop or at least resist the urge to continue his transformations. Henry Jewell stood at times aghast before the acts of Edward Hyde, Jewell writes, but the situation was apart from ordinary laws, and insidiously relaxed the grasp of conscience. It was Hyde, after all, and Hyde alone, that was guilty. The idea of Hyde being responsible for all the evildoing seems as a silly childish-like self-justification. Obviously to the reader and DRP. Jewell himself deep down inside that first of all e is the one who created Hyde in the real world, understanding Hades evil nature. But I was still cursed with my duality of purpose; and as the first edge of my penitence wore off, the lower side of me, so long indulged, so recently chained down, began to growl for license. Not that dreamed of resuscitating Hyde; no, it was in my own person that I was once more tempted to trifle with my conscience .However, this brief condescension to my evil finally destroyed the balance of my soul. And yet I was not alarmed; the fall seemed natural, like a return to the old days before I had made discovery. It was a fine . Day. I sat in the sun on a bench; the animal within me licking the chops Of memory; This quote shows the reader, that Stevenson also left out some parts of DRP. Jellys biography pointing indirectly that he might have done some evil things in the past. In other words, Mr.. Hyde that emerged from DRP. Jewell must have the foundation on which he was created in the subconscious of the doctor. In conclusion, I would point out that the city of London has created fertile atmosphere for DRP. Jellys experiments, providing him and Hyde with the cloak of anonymity. However, we have determined that DRP. Jewell failed to recognize that his experiment went in the wrong direction, when he separated pure evil from within but did not become pure good himself as originally planned. In my opinion, DRP. Jewell IS largely responsible for Mr.. Hades crimes because he continued his experiments and transformations self-justifying that he himself is not responsible to Mr.. Hades evil deeds. The bottom line is that DRP. Jewell was the one who let the evil creature inside Of him Of the chain and gave Mr.. Hyde all the power.

The Agriculture Sector in Armenia Essay

The Agriculture Sector in Armenia Essay The Agriculture and Food Sector in Armenia Essay Example The Agriculture and Food Sector in Armenia Essay Example The Actions of Armenias Fruits The agriculture and food sector in Armenia has always been rather well developed. One of the reasons is a poor development of the industrial sector and a stronger evolution of agriculture. The specific geographical location and the warm climate of the country have given an opportunity to grow a great variety of fruit and vegetables. These ones have received an appraisal all over the former Soviet Union. Nevertheless, the importance of fruit in the Armenian culture has been identified long before the existence of the Soviet Union. One of three colors that are illustrated on the Armenian flag symbolizes the color of the most famous fruits in the country, which is an apricot (USA International Business Publications 178). An apricot, a pomegranate, a grade, and other fruit have more than solely an agriculture meaning for Armenian people. Moreover, they have become an irreplaceable part of the Armenian culture, traditions, and customs, which have survived till present days. Some of these fruits carry a very specific meaning for Armenian people. They symbolize a struggle of Armenians for their cultural identity. Other fruit like pomegranates have become the symbols of wedding; and they are used in various rituals. One may also find a connection between the fruit and Armenian beliefs in the Bible. They are reflected through celebrations and holidays. Armenians conduct annual fests, which are dedicated to the rich harvest. The great popularity receives a wine festival where people celebrate the good crops of grapes and drink grape juice as well as wine. All these fests are an essential part of the Armenian culture, which has been shaping during the centuries and exists even today. The role of fruit in Armenia is not limited by agriculture benefits. However, they are also viewed as an important aspect of the cultural identity. Such fruit as a pomegranate and an apricot are not simply a tasty stuff for Armenia. They represent a particular symbolic meaning for the Armenian culture that takes its roots from ancient times. Throughout many ages, the country has valued and honored these fruit during festivals and numerous traditions. Pomegranate A pomegranate is a very symbolic and significant fruit for the Armenian culture. One of the famous ancient legends says that it has been a guardian protecting people from evil eyes (Petrosian and Underwood 327). That is why this fruit is viewed as a symbol of protection and safety against bad spirits or any intentions of bad people. However, except the protection, the pomegranate has also another meaning as it symbolizes fertility. For example, in Western Armenia, there is a wedding tradition that is tightly connected with this fruit (Petrosian and Underwood 329). To be more precise, a bride should throw it and break it into pieces. According to this tradition, the scattered seeds indicate that this woman will have a baby. In the eastern part of Armenia, there is another custom with the same fruit that states the following fact. If a woman wants to have a son, she has to make the special bread from dough and pomegranate ´s seeds. According to this custom, this female who eats such bread will have a son. In fact, the pomegranate is widely used as an iconic ornament and could be found in numerous manuscripts and carvings on stones. Another wedding tradition that has a particular connection with this fruit is to present the dried fruit that is called taratosik in the Armenian culture (Grigoryan, Hakhnazaryan, and Afranaa Kwapong 88). After a wedding, a bride should give the taratosik to an unmarried woman as a symbol of blessing. Besides the traditions and ornament usage, the pomegranate has also a very specific meaning for Armenian people. One could find the full concept of this fruit for the Armenians in the art film The Color of Pomegranates. It is directed by Sergey Paradjanov (Petrosian and Underwood 257). This film has a very symbolic scene where a red pomegranate lies on a table. The fruit’s wrinkled skin and fresh pulp symbolize the strength of the Armenian spirit and its unbreakable soul. Today, the pomegranate has become one of the most frequently used symbols in Armenia. If one visits an exhibition that is dedicated to the Armenian art or the painting gallery with the works of Armenian artists, he/she will surely find at least few illustrations of this fruit. The pomegranate has also become an inherent part of the Armenian cuisine and has turned into a national clichà ©. At souvenir shops, one may find various figures of the pomegranate made of ceramic, metal, wood or any other material. The great importance of this fruit can be found in the national fairy tales. For example, one of these fairy tales says that three pomegranates fell to the earth from the heaven. One was for a teller, the second one was for a listener, and the third one was for the entire world. As one can see, in this story, the pomegranate symbolizes a gift from the heaven (Petrosian and Underwood 277). Hence, this fruit may be also viewed as a sacred one for Armenian people because it demonstrates the connection with the God. After a terrifying event that occurred in Armenia and is known in the history as the Armenian Genocide of 1918-1923, the pomegranate has started to be used as a symbol. It describes the great variety of Armenian emotions, such as hope and sorrow, survival and rebirth, death and life. One can state that the pomegranate has become more than a simple fruit, which is specific for this location. It has become a real symbol uniting old traditions and new feelings that Armenian people have experienced. For every Armenian, the pomegranate has its own meaning revealing the slight tones of the Armenian soul. Apricot In spite of the significant meaning of the pomegranate for the Armenian culture, there is one more fruit being even more important. An apricot is truly a soul of the Armenian culture. The botanical name of this fruit is Prunus Armeniaca, which indicates its origin (Grigoryan, Hakhnazaryan, and Afranaa Kwapong 90). Nevertheless, the motherland of the apricot is not Armenia, but China. This fruit had been delivered to Armenia long ago. It has become a symbol of this nation. In the middle ages, the kings used the apricot color, which is called tsirani, on their banners (Petrosian and Underwood 223). If one wants to receive the apricot color, he or she should mix yellow, pink, and orange colors. This specific color is such what Armenians call tsirani or the apricot one (Petrosian and Underwood 224). Today, tsirani is one of three colors that are illustrated on the Armenian flag. In July, when it is the time to gather apricots, Armenians hold an annual festival being dedicated to this fruit. People all over the villages bring the best apricots to the capital where the festival is held (Grigoryan, Hakhnazaryan, and Afranaa Kwapong 97). Farmers bring apricots in large straw baskets and offer everyone to try them. In addition, people bring various dishes, beverages, and alcohol drinks that are made from this fruit. The point of this fest is to treat others with fruit and make people happy tasting other person ´s food. During this day, all Armenian food and drinks are replaced by apricots. People eat apricots, treat each other with these fruit, demonstrate their rich harvest, and have good time together. However, besides the apricot of the tsirani color, there are also green apricots, which are not ripe yet. Children love them though they have a very vinegar taste and hard flesh. In the middle of the ripe, the apricot lays a kernel covered with a hard shell. If one breaks this shell, he or she may taste a delicious kernel adored not only by children, but also by adults. This kernel is used in dishes as a special spice, which gives the picante taste to food. Armenian Harvest Festival In spite of the differences in cultures and traditions, all countries all over the world have one festival. It is annually celebrated in autumn or in the end of summer being a Harvest Festival. Armenians also have a fest that is dedicated to the rich harvest and dates back to pagan traditions. Despite the fact that Armenians are Christians and have become one of the first Christian countries, they still have some pagan fests like Vartavar (Grigoryan, Hakhnazaryan, and Afranaa Kwapong 92). Vartavar or the Festival of Roses is celebrated 14 weeks later after the Easter. This fest is dedicated to the goddess Asdghig, an Armenian deity of love, fertility and water (Petrosian and Underwood 317). This day, people show their appreciation to the goddess and sprinkle each other with water and leaves of roses. Hence, this fest is also known as a water festival because of this joyful tradition. Before Armenians adopted Christianity, they celebrated the New Year this day. The Fest of Harvest demonstrated the end of the year and the preparation of the nature for a long dream before spring. The Armenian New Year which is called Navasart-Amaor being celebrated on August 1-6 (Holding 117). The celebration of Vartavar differs depending on the region of the country. For example, the Armenian Meliks celebrate this day with fruits and provide rituals in the field (USA International Business Publications 156). They have a tradition that a person may send apples to a future broom or bride as a sign of his or her intentions. In district Koghtn, people made rituals in the fields with the green weed being previously budded (Holding 126). Some other regions have districts, which are connected with domestic animals. In spite of the old traditions of this fest and the baptism of the Armenian people, the Harvest Festival did not lose its importance in society. However, it is celebrated today more as a custom than a religious ritual. Nevertheless, the main idea of this fest still exists. It is the celebration of good harvest and joyful time-spending during this day. Another important fest for the Armenian people is the Blessing of Grapes held after the Divine Liturgy. This ceremony has a significant religious meaning and shows an important role of the Virgin Mary in Christianity. The custom of Blessing the Grapes is referred to the Old Testament tradition of celebrating the harvest. Grapes were the first fruit during the harvest. Thus, they have such an important meaning. The first fruit symbolize the connection with the God because it was the first fruit that the God had given to people. Jesus Christ was the first son of the Virgin Mary or her first fruit. Hence, first grapes symbolize the birthing of Jesus Christ, who gave his life to save all people. To return this duty, people bless this fruit in a remembrance of Christ’s sacrifice. Armenian Wine and its Symbolism As one can see, Armenia is a country that is full of symbolism and traditions that should be strictly followed. Such drink of gods as wine also bears its symbolic meaning. It is highly valued in Armenia. In fact, this country is acknowledged to be such a country of wine having a very rich history of winemaking (Petrosian and Underwood 318). In addition, one should mention that Armenia was the country that had taken on wine exporting. This activity is believed to start when Forefather Noah planted the grape in the slant of Mount named Ararat, according to the Biblical legend (USA International Business Publications 98). According to the Biblical story about Noah, this drink was a kind of reward for him and his companions for all the torments that they had to overcome in the period of the great flood (USA International Business Publications 178). As it can be seen, the symbolism of wine for the Armenian culture has Biblical roots. First and foremost, it is a so called reminder about the great flood. Besides, in the Armenian culture, wine is represented as the blood of Christ who died for human sins (USA International Business Publications 179). However, it is not only the wine that is so symbolical for Armenians. In fact, grapes are a serious symbol for Armenia. Each year, grapes are blessed at the Altar. Today, this activity is a religious ritual that is devoted to the Virgin Mary. It is called the Assumption of the Virgin Mary (Holding 145). The scientists state that such a phenomenon as winemaking in this Caucasian country has the history that is about six thousand years (USA International Business Publications 181). The reason for such statement is that archeologists have discovered a nucleus of grapes in the country being further analyzed for numerous times. The researches have showed that the hypothesis of scientists concerning the winemaking in the valley of Ararat has a very old history. It goes for ages being actually trustworthy (USA International Business Publications 178). The archeologists have found out this information. The reason is that they have discovered various kinds of winemaking equipment, including tares, with the remains of wine. Besides, the grape nucleus has been found in the caves that are situated near the village that is called Areni (USA International Business Publications 178). The above mentioned researches have been conducted by a group of people from such countries as America, Ireland, an d, of course, Armenia. As one can see, Areni village is extremely popular in Armenia since the grape nucleus was found there. As a result of such popularity, this village has become a place where one of the most famous Armenian festivals takes place. This fest is called the Wine Festival and is held every year there (Holding 145). The event has already become a traditional one. People from all the country come to the village to enjoy the festival. In fact, this traditional wine fest gives attendants a great opportunity to get to know more about Armenia, its wine and traditions, as well as to spend the time perfectly. Moreover, one can not only attend the Wine Festival, but also take part in it. The attendants have a chance to taste various Armenian wines, mostly the best ones. The reason is that the festival is about the best wines in the country. All the wines that are usually represented at the Armenian Wine Festival are highly valued in lots of European countries. The Wine Festival in Areni opens with a spectacular, colorful, and bright parade of the best wine manufacturers. The parade is accompanied by songs and dances. The program of the festival is very interesting, entertaining, and vivid (Holding 151). The first stage of the famous Wine Festival is a ceremony of its opening. After the start, visitors can see the fair of the best wine manufacturers in Armenia. At the fair, both professional and public tasting of wine takes place. In order to give a guest an opportunity not only to drink but also eat or have a snack, the best restaurants of the whole country provide traditional dishes of Armenia. Surprisingly, the Armenian Wine Festival is also used as a pleasant place for various meetings on business. The entertaining program of the fest includes national dances and music, various theatrical performances, different games, and contests. In addition, amateur art groups can take part in the festival, show their art and entertain the publicity. Among numerous contests that take place at the event, one may outline the most important one. It is called Armenia in your Eyes (Holding 156). The participants of this contest compete for a label of the best wine in Armenia. The prize for a winner of this contest is known as Gold Keg (USA International Business Publications 98). The other popular contest is almost the same one as previous but stands among manufacturers of homemade wine. Taking into consideration all the above mentioned information and facts, one can see that symbolism is a very important aspect for the Armenian culture. Being a country of wine, Armenia has done its best to praise one of the most important drinks in a proper way. The symbolism of wine takes its roots from Biblical events. Indeed, according to some legends, it is even considered that a goat disclosed a riddle of winemaking to Noah. The legend says that this animal ate the wide plods of grapes and become intoxicated started goring other animals. After this occasion, Noah planted the grapes at the Mount Ararat and produced wine from the juice of plods (USA International Business Publications 98). Armenia is a country with the rich historical legacy, traditions, customs, and rituals. I learn much about the importance of values and traditions in the state and how they are connected with fruit. The Armenians do their best in order to keep their culture, traditions, language, customs, and so on. This nationality never refuses its culture and traditions. Armenia is located between Europe and Asia. Thus, I believe it has embodied the features of both civilizations, which have shaped the Armenian culture in a harmonious way. Armenian traditions and customs have a strong connection with an agricultural sphere. Even the Armenian flag has the color of the most popular Armenian fruit, i.e. apricot. I think this symbolic meaning illustrates a significant role of fruits for this country. One may list numerous traditions, which are connected with the fruits; for instance, the tradition to present a pomegranate after the wedding as a blessing. The pomegranate is another fruit, which has a s acred meaning for the Armenian culture. Armenians symbolize this fruit with the soul of their people. The red juice is the blood and the tragedies, which Armenians faced in the past. In spite of the dramatic history and the horrible events, the Armenians have not lost their humanity. As always, they demonstrate their wide and generous soul during celebrations of fests. Nowadays, there are two big festivals, which still have a great popularity among people. They are the Harvest Festival and the Wine Festival. In fact, both fests are dedicated to the rich harvest. However, it is oriented on all fruit and vegetables, while the wine festival is dedicated solely to grapes and wine. The harvest festival is also known as a fest of water and roses. The reason is that it is dedicated to the pagan goddess. During this fest, people sprinkle each other with water and spend good time. Despite the fact that there were other fruit suppliers, the Armenian fruits have been always praised higher. The reason is that of their delicious taste and king size. As a result, the great bountifulness of fruits has given life to numerous customs and traditions, which developed harmoniously with the culture rise. The most popular fruits have become the national symbols of Armenia. They are associated solely with this country. I think that Armenia is a very religious country, which obeys its traditions carefully from generation to generation. Every aspect of their life is full of symbols and a specific meaning known for those, who learn more about this state. The rich history, dedication to traditions, and obeying old customs are things that make Armenia so different from any other country in the world.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrom & Fertility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrom & Fertility - Essay Example Syndrom, also known as the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is possibly the commonest endocrine disorder, which accounts for most of cases of anovulatory infertility, hirsutism and menstrual disturbance in women. This quite prevalent condition has diverse manifestations and as a result, it may present to dermatologists, gynaecologists, endocrinologists, general practitioners, specialists who deal with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, infertility specialists, among others. In other words, the condition can affect almost every organ of a woman. Over time, both the condition’s nature in the patient as well as the presentation may vary (Balen, et al., 2005). Elsheikh and Murphy explain that this condition is known to cause excessive hair growth in the body and the face, acne, scalp hair thinning and worse still, infertility. Other symptoms include menstrual cycle disturbance, hyperandrogenism, and obesity. Apparently, gaining weight/obesity aggravates the symptoms since hormonally active fatty tissues produce oestrogen, which disrupts ovulation. These symptoms may occur either in combination or singly. The risk of developing heart disease and diabetes is high among its victims. Cases of multiple pregnancy, early pregnancy as well as later complications of pregnancy are common among women with this condition, following conception, spontaneous and following infertility treatment. Although scholars believe that the exact cause of PCOS is unknown, investigations have proved that it is genetically transmitted and that it is more prevalent among women who come from families with a history of diabetes. Many women with this condition have reduced insulin sensitivity and their bodies overcompensate by producing excess insulin levels, which some experts believe to be the underlying cause of PCOS since insulin stimulates the production of androgen and effects follicular development (follicles are egg-containing sacs within the ovaries). High levels of insulin secretion also

Economic Distribution in the U.S. ,Why The Rich get richer Term Paper

Economic Distribution in the U.S. ,Why The Rich get richer - Term Paper Example This brings us to the basic question, and incidentally the title of this essay, why the rich get Richer? This paper strives to offer a basic understanding of the economic distribution of income and wealth in America and the reasons for such discrepancies, which further widen the gap between the rich and the poor, making the rich – richer in the process and at the same time, pushing the poor towards stark poverty. During the early 1980s era, several economists as well as researchers initiated reports concerning the average wages of American workers, and pointed out the fact that their wages were stagnant ever since the early 1970s and that the allocation of their earnings was, in fact, becoming more and more unequal, thereby widening the gap between the rich and the poor. Several explanations and suggestions were offered for such an occurrence. However one of the most significant of them was that the reason behind such a turn of events was the unemployment reallocation in the industrial composition of the country or the deindustrialization of the United States away from manufacturing industries to service oriented ones. It was believed that the average earnings of the workers in the service industry were relatively lower than that in the manufacturing industry. The repercussion of such a transformation with respect to the breadwinners belonging to the ‘middle – class’ hous eholds was evident, and the news of the steadily deteriorating American middle class, made headlines across the nation creating a great furore. Further apprehensions over mounting income disparity surfaced in the mid - 1980s with the publication of several books, reports and researches on the topic, which fuelled the anxiety that Americans were now facing an escalating disproportion of outlooks in accomplishing a stable middle class existence. The Economist stated that the gap between the rich and the poor is larger in the United States as

Twentieth Century Drama Essay Example for Free

Twentieth Century Drama Essay The inspector is interrogating the Birlings and Gerald Croft. He is trying to get the truth out of them without letting on that he already knows everything. I think that some of the characters have changed for instance Sheila; she knows that the inspector already knows that Mrs Birling turned Eva away when she came for help. Sheilas realisation of what the inspector is doing is quite clear when Mrs Birling is denying the fact that Eric is the father of Evas unborn baby, and Sheila says stop it mother, stop it, as Sheila already knows that the inspector knows this. Some of the most dramatic moments in the play are Sheilas obvious understanding of Mrs Birling ignorance that it was Erics baby. Sheila was horrified the Evas unborn baby was dead. Whereas Mrs Birling doesnt really care. Another dramatic point in the play is when Eric returns and the curtain falls, this causes great tension within the audience again. I believe that J. B Priestleys purpose in writing the play may be because of social injustice, he obviously had a strong belief in treating people equally and to be careful of how you treat them and he is trying to get this across to the audience. He expresses his feelings in this scene through the characters especially with Mrs Birling. It is obvious that Mrs Birling is not ashamed of what she has done, but the inspector is trying to make her aware of this. I also believe that J. B Priestley uses the inspector as a mouthpiece, the inspector is trying to communicate the same message as J. B Priestley is to the audience. I think that at that at the end of Act 2 when the curtain falls the audience would feel anxious about what is going to happen next. Priestley must be successful if the audience experiences this tension. This scene is a crucial part of the play because before now we didnt know that Eric was the father of Evas unborn baby and that Mrs Birling knew Eva Smith, but near the end this is all revealed. At the end of the play the inspector makes a speech that finally changed Eric and Sheila, it altered their perspective in ways such as, to treat people with respect and treat them fairly. This could be reflected in the audience, as the Birling family were of a high class and the majority of the play who came to see this play was also of the same standard so they could relate to the plays events. The audience may think that they have done something terrible in the past like the Birlings had done and might think more carefully next time. I think that J. B Priestley has been completely successful with this play as a piece of theatre because of the above reasons.

A Permanent Death - Capital Punishment :: essays research papers

There are five basic reasons that society uses when imposing "punishment" that I've been able to conclude from my readings. I will discuss these societal concepts and show that the death penalty does not serve to further them. As a result William Smith should not be subject to the death penalty and in fact the same should be abolished from our system of "punishment". Deterrence Deterrence is basically defined as "the punishment should fit the crime." Under this concept, the individual committing the crime and society are prevented from committing this action again. In the case of the death penalty, an individual kills another human and he is "punished" for it by death. Punishment is supposed to be a temporary penalization for a wrongful action. Death is far from temporary. One is to learn from one's mistakes. How can the person learn if they are paying for their mistake with their life? In Ernest van den Haag's article, "The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense" he states, "The death penalty is our harshest punishment. It is irrevocable: it ends the existence of those punished, instead of temporarily imprisoning them." (Haag, 251). By imposing the death penalty the individual does not learn from their mistakes and neither does society. Economy Under this concept, punishment should be economical. As Haag points out, "...the monetary cost of appealing a capital sentence is excessive." (Haag, 253). Further, "...actual monetary costs are trumped by the importance of doing justice." (Haag, 253). Additionally there are specific costs associated with keeping an inmate on death row, (i.e. the cost of the specially built prison blocks, the need for maximum security, etc.) and more. These costs clearly out weigh the regular costs incurred to house a regular inmate. Deterrence is clearly not served by imposing the death penalty and society aims for justice are thwarted. Restitution Society demands that the punishment should fix the harm it has done. By sentencing a person to death no harm has been fixed. You can not bring the murdered person back by taking the prisoner's life. "Punishment-regardless of the motivation is not intended to revenge, offset, or compensate for the victims suffering or to be measured by it." (Haag, 253). Retribution The community demands that justice be served. Would justice not equally be served and in fact may be better served by life imprisonment? I believe it would be a worse punishment to endure a life sentence in prison.

Full Wave Rectifier

5AR4 Full Wave Rectifier The 5AR4 is a heater-cathode twin diode designed for full-wave rectifier opertion. High output current and small size make this tube especially suitable for compact amplifier designs. ELECTRICAL Cathode †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ coated unipotential Heater Voltage AC or DC †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5. 0 ! 0% Volts Heater Current †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. 9 Amps MECHANICAL Base †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Intermediate-Shell Octal 5 pin Bulb †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ T-9, 1 3/16†³ max. dia. Max. overall length †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7/16 inch Max. seated height †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 7/8 inch Max. diameter †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 9/32 inch Mounting Position †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ any RECTIFIER SERVICE – MAXIMUM RATINGS – Design Center Values Peak Inverse Plate Voltage †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 700 Volts AC Plate-Suppl Voltage per Plate †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. See Rating Chart 1 Steady-State Peak Plate Current per Plate †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 825 mA Transient Peak Plate Current per Plate, Max. Duration 2 Seconds †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. 7 Amps DC Output Current †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. See Rating Chart 1 TERMINAL CONNECTIONSPin 1 Pin 2 Pin 4 Pin 6 Pin 8 Internal Connection Heater Plate Number 2 Plate Number 1 Heater and Cathode (Revised 6/3/99) P E N T A L A B O R A T O R I E S 974 0 COZYCROFT AVENUE * CHATSWORTH * CALIFORNIA 91311 (800) 421-4219 * (818) 882-3872 * FAX: (818) 882-3968 ELECTRON TUBES FOR INDUSTRY 5AR4 Full-Wave Rectifier Design-Maximum values are limiting values of operating and environmental conditions applicable to a bogey tube of a specified type as defined by its published data, and should not be exceeded under the worst possible conditons.The tube manufacturer chooses these values to provide acceptible servicability of the tube, taking responsibility for the effects of changes on operationg conditions due to variations in tube characteristics. The equipment manufacturer should design so that initially and throughout life no design-maximum value for the intended service is expected with a bogey tube under the worst possible conditions with respect to supply-voltage variation, equipment component variation, equipment control adjustment, load variation, signal variation, and environmental conditions.FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER WITH CAPACITOR-INPUT FI LTER AC Plate-Supply Voltage per Plate, RMS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 450 Total Plate-Supply Resistance per Plate †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 160 DC Output Current †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 225 DC Output Votlage at Filter Input †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 475 550 200 160 620 Volts Ohms mA Volts FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER WITH CHOKE-INPUT FILTERAC Plate-Supply Voltage per Plate, RMS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 450 Filter Input Choke †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 DC Output Current †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 250 DC Output Votlage at Filter Input †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 375 Tube Voltage Drop Ib=225 mADC per Plate†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7Volts 550 10 225 465 Volts Henrys mA Volts To simplify the application of the maximum ratings to circuit design, the Design-Maximum ratings are presented in a chart form as Ratings Charts 1, 2, and 3. Rating Chart 1 presents the maximum ratings for a-c plate supply voltage and d-c output current. Rating Chart 2 provides a convenient method for checking confornance with the steady-state peak-plate current rating. Rating Chart 3 offers a convenient method for checking conformance with the